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Small undersea volcanoes may unleash outsized tsunamis - Ars Technica (opens in a new tab)

arstechnica.com · 2026-09-23

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Claim 1 of 5Not checkedResearchers examined the 2022 Hunga eruption in Tonga and focused on the rapid caldera collapse as a possible amplifier of the tsunami.View evidenceHide evidence

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Claim 2 of 5Not checkedComparisons of seafloor topography before and after the eruption showed that a roughly 4-kilometer-wide caldera sank by about a kilometer during the eruption.View evidenceHide evidence

As statedroughly 4-kilometer-wide; about a kilometer

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Claim 3 of 5Not checkedThe researchers argue that the rapid collapse of the entire caldera may have enhanced the massive tsunami, suggesting that even a relatively small caldera like Hunga may be capable of producing a dangerous tsunami depending on the speed and nature of its collapse.View evidenceHide evidence

As statedmassive; dangerous tsunami

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Claim 4 of 5Not checkedThe article says the Hunga eruption on January 15, 2022 produced an eruption column more than 55 km high, generated a pressure wave detected globally, and drove a tsunami estimated to have reached 40 meters within about 100 km of the source.View evidenceHide evidence

As statedmore than 55 km; 40 meters; within about 100 km

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The source study was found, but this claim couldn't be checked against it.

Claim 5 of 5Not checkedThe story notes that the tsunami is described as the highest ever recorded from an underwater volcanic eruption and that submarine caldera-forming eruption hazards are still not well understood.View evidenceHide evidence

As statedhighest ever recorded

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Rapid submarine caldera collapse during the 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano (Tonga)

Nature Geoscience · 2026

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Papers considered

The selected paper, plus nearby candidates.

Crossref, PubMed, Europe PMC · 16 candidate papers

Selected

Rapid submarine caldera collapse during the 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano (Tonga)

Nature Geoscience · 2026 · Crossref

Source (opens in a new tab)
Candidate

Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption and tsunami 2022 – Damage and loss in the fisheries and aquaculture sector

2022 · Crossref

Source (opens in a new tab)
Candidate

ANALISIS PEMBANGKITAN MEDAN MAGNETIK SEKUNDER AKIBAT METEO-TSUNAMI HUNGA TONGA-HUNGA HA’APAI, TONGA 2022

Inovasi Fisika Indonesia · 2024 · Crossref

Source (opens in a new tab)

And 10 more candidates considered.